Valorisation of Pine Cone as an Efficient Biosorbent for the Removal of Pb(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), and Cr(VI)

Valorisation of pine cone as an efficient, low-cost, and eco-friendly biosorbent for the removal heavy metals from aqueous solutions is evaluated. The morphology surface chemistry are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, revealing presence carboxylic alcoholic functional groups that interact with metal ions. effect contact time, pH, amount adsorbent, initial concentration in adsorption studied, resulting percentages Cd(II), Cu(II), Pb(II), Cr(VI) (metal 5 mg L-1) 82.24%, 93.71%, 94.67%, 88.8%, respectively ( pH = 5.4 , 2 g L-1 adsorbent), except id="M2"> 2 10 L-1). equilibrium data Pb(II) Cd(II) were found to follow Langmuir-Freundlich model, maximum capacities 100.01 78.73 g-1, respectively, whereas Cu(II) followed Langmuir model 33.55 g-1. also fitted capacity was 57.36 Adsorption obtained at pH 5.4 divalent ions a range concentrations ranging 1 500 298.2 K. three solution does not affect percentage target ion adsorbed, proving absence competition between them showing be efficient adsorbent treat multimetal effluents allowing water reuse.